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Satou Matsuzaka Hide

Content Warning!
This page contains mature content not suitable for all ages or information, language or images that can be sensitive to some people! Precaution is advised.

Content Warnings: Strong language, suggestive themes, mention of insanity, obsessive behavior, stalking, manipulation and murderous behavior.

Ebina Nana hajidere

Spoilers Ahead!
Some examples listed below are spoilers, so read at your own risk!

Content Spoilers: "Corpse Party", "Dark Gathering", "Happy Sugar Life", "Hikikomari the Vampire Countess no Monmon", "Mirai Nikki", "Netoge no Yome wa Onnanoko ja Nai to Omotta?", "Overlord", "Renai Boukun", "School Days", and "SHUFFLE!"

Quotation HeartsI'm crazy?! What's crazy is this world that refuses to let me be with you!Quotation Hearts R
Yuno Gasai, from Mirai Nikki

"Yandere" (JP) is a term for a character who at first is very sweet, loving, innocent, and overly affectionate like a normal deredere character, but over time begins exhibiting signs of being mentally sick as a result of having a too strong love. Yandere is a sickness born from too much love. They are the kind of character who will act all deredere and lovey-dovey when their relationship with their romantic partner is going well, but when something triggers jealousy or possessiveness they act impulsively in a way that makes them seem mentally sick.

Their love is expressed as a pathological obsession towards their love interest, and their infatuation and devotion to their love interest is so strong that it causes them to gradually develop an unstable mental state and become "sick". They become so attached to their love interest that it's impossible to let go and they may begin doing immoral things to improve their relationship, such as stalking their love interest or even using violence as a last resort towards anyone who "threatens" their relationship. They entrust themselves to their love interest, trusting in their love interest's kindness. They probe the deepest recesses of their love interest's heart to more perfectly form their greatest self within their love interest.

For the second meaning of yandere for yankii characters who become lovestruck see Yandere (Yankii).

Etymology

Meaning of the Term

Yandere (ヤンデレ) is a combination of "yanderu" (病んでる), meaning "mentally ill", and "deredere" (デレデレ), a mimetic word for "being lovestruck".[6][5][7][8]

It refers to someone who is deredere and develops pathological (extreme in a way that is not normal or that shows an illness or mental problem) obsession (a thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind) with their love interest. They are characters who are initially very sweet and innocent, but who's love is so strong that it makes them sick.

Origin

School-days-dvd

Sekai Saionji and Kotonoha Katsura from School Days

The origin of the term yandere is the character Kotonoha Katsura from the 2005 erotic visual novel School Days.[9][5] The visual novel has grown infamy online due to its shocking turn of events, which lead to Kotonoha becoming known on the Japanese internet as the yandere queen. While Kotonoha starts as an intelligent, gentle, polite, well-educated, and reserved young lady, she starts to reveal a darker and more unstable side after falling in love with Makoto Itou and being emotionally toyed with by him. Whenever she starts to think that Makoto is leaving her, she quickly spirals into tremendous sorrow and desperation that drives her berserk. She falls into a destructive mental state where she will do absolutely anything to get him back, including killing those she believes are stealing Makoto away from her or having sexual relations with him to win him back despite being scared of being touched by the opposite gender caused by her reserved social life.[10]

However, Kotonoha can also completely avoid ever acting crazy if she is treated kindly, not cheated on repeatedly, and toyed with emotionally by Makoto which is driven by player choice. This aspect is something that is often overlooked when people talk about yandere. This is not a state they start with, but a state they slowly become over time after being driven to insanity by their love.

Alternate Spelling

While yandere is most commonly spelled as "ヤンデレ", using entirely katakana, it is occasionally written as ヤンでれ with "dere" written in hiragana instead of katakana.[1][4][2]

It is also sometimes spelled as "病んデレ" using the kanji for "sickness" to differentiate between this type and yan(kii)dere, but this is much less common and has not been used in professionally published media.[3]

Localization

The term is romanized as "yandere".[4]

The term is localized as "bìng jiāo" (病娇) in Chinese. This comes from the word "bìng" (病), meaning "sickness", and "jiāo" (娇), meaning "to love and cherish too much; to dote on; to pamper".[11]

Usage

  • In 2007, the Ketai Watch moe character creation contest stated: "A yandere is a character in anime, games, etc., who acts all deredere as if they are mentally ill."[12]
  • In 2009, Japanese Dictionary stated: "A person with an unhealthy romantic obsession. It refers to a character who is initially sweet and loving, but becomes increasingly unstable or violent as their obsession with someone grows."[13]
  • In 2021, the romance advice site Zexy stated: "It is a situation when in which a person's affection for the person they love grows too strong that their expressions of love become out of control."[14]
  • In 2023, the dating advice site GirlsWalker stated: "It means a mental state where one person's feelings for the person they love are so strong that it causes them to become "sick". The word is often used to describe girls who act all deredere when their relationship with their romantic partner is going well, but when something triggers jealousy or possessiveness they act impulsively and hurt the other person."[15]
  • In 2023, the dating advice site MyNavi stated: "This term refers to men and woman who are so in love with someone that their mental health becomes unstable."[16]
  • In 2024, the dating advice site Note stated: "A person who is pathologically infatuated with their partner and becomes deredere.[17]
  • In 2024, the Yandere Cafe stated: "This term refers to a person who is so in love with their romantic partner that they become crazily in love and often commit violent acts."[18]

Note: Yandere was originally defined as a "heroine" (female character) with these traits but it has since started being used for male characters as well on occasion, though it is much less common.[19][20]

Misuse

As the term "yandere" grew in popularity so too did the misconceptions regarding what the archetype actually entailed. Because it is common for people to show others only the endings of yandere media, which are often very shocking and violent, it has led to the false impression that the entire yandere genre is only about grotesque scenes, insanity, and bloodshed, when this is actually one of the least important aspects of what makes a yandere character. If you only look at those final scenes it tends to give the impression of being grotesque and aggressive, which makes yandere one of the most easily misunderstood archetypes.[5]

A true yandere character at the start of the series is very kind, cheerful, loving, sweet, and affectionate, and not at all pretending, just as any other deredere character who's in love would behave. They are completely ordinary people, maybe even a bit shy and timid. But over the course of the story they start to face terrible situations and hardships, such as feelings of jealousy, loneliness, or insecurities about their relationship. They will start to struggle with their feelings and the reality in front of them, and as a result only their feelings of love become stronger causing them to become more and more distorted. They gradually start becoming mentally ill and acting eratic and crazy. By the end of the story the character has lost sight of reality so much that they often end up acting in a gruesome way creating what could only be referred to a "bloody ending". But what is important for the yandere genre is not the bloodshed itself, but rather the process behind the final depiction of the character being driven to the brink and breaking down mentally, and the love, conflict, and possesiveness that are so strong they destroy the character. This slow and gradual process can create a lot of sympathy for the character that can make viewers feel sorry for the character and their gradual descent into insanity. Therefore, it does not necessarily have to be bizarre or aggressive and it does not necessarily have to end in knife attacks to be considered yandere. It can also be said that one truly won't understand the appeal of yandere by only watching the final part of the final episode. The appeal of yandere lies rather in the process of becoming sick and the ending that takes place because of this backdrop.[5]

It's for this reason that even if a character has an aggressive or pathological personality, if there are other reasons for this rather than their affection for their love interest (such as trauma, loss, bullying) then it is not considered under the meaning of the term "yandere". There are also those characters whose underlying personality is extremely dangerous to begin with, so being insane does not necessarily mean being yandere. Because the above misuse has become so widespread, people have started calling characters "yandere" by imitating only the superficial insanity or using the term to refer to any mentally ill character who happens to show affection for another character.[5]

Other Meanings

Main article: Yandere (Yankii)
Yandere Kanojo name explanation

A page from Yandere Kanojo explaining the two types of yandere.

Although the term "yandere" is widely recognized to have the meaning of "yanderu" (sick) + "deredere", there are actually two entirely different dere types that share the name "yandere". This second meaning comes from the 2008-2015 romance comedy manga series Yandere Kanojo (JP) released through Square Enix and is instead a combination of "yankii" (delinquent) + "deredere". In this series, rather than being about a girl who is mentally sick it is about a girl who is a yankii delinquent leader who falls in love with guy and starts becoming deredere for him.[21][22]

Although this second meaning is not well-known in the Western community, it is widely recognized in Japan that yandere has two meanings, with many people even only knowing about the yankii meaning due to the popularity and 8 year run of the Yandere Kanojo manga. While the yandere meaning of "sick dere" was created as far back as 2005 online, the "yankii dere" meaning was actually was used first in an official manga series premiering in 2008. The reason for the double use of the name was likely because the meaning of "sick dere" was still a very niche internet forum term at the time.

History

Early Inspirations

The first "yandere character" in Japanese literature is said to be the character of Lady Rokujo from the 1021 novel The Tale of Genji. Lady Rokujou is a mistress of Hikaru Genji, with whom she becomes infatuated with and jealous of his other lovers. Genji begins his affair with Lady Rokujou, but eventually loses interest in her and delays the intervals between their meetings which upsets Lady Rokujou who wishes to be his only lover. Her jealousy subconsciously causes her wandering spirit to become a vengeful wraith that attacks and murders multiple other mistresses and wives of Genji. When Lady Rokujoy notices Lady Aoi is pregnant with Genji's child, she becomes jealous and Her spirit rushes out of her body as a wrathful ghost and possesses Lady Aoi. Lady Aoi becomes extremely ill, and rumors spread that a jealous lover of Genji must be possessing Lady Aoi. Lady Rokujou denies rumors that it is her spirit torturing Genji’s mistress, but later becomes distraught at the revelation that it is her spirit. Her negative feelings strengthen the wandering spirit and Lady Aoi dies as a result.[23][24]

Lady Rokujou is frightened by her jealous wandering spirit so she leaves with her daughter Akikonomu to purify and contain her spirit. When Lady Rokujou returns to the capital 6 years letter, she falls very ill. Still being madly in with Genji, she begs him not to take her daughter as a lover and soon after she passes away. Genji later states how he found Lady Rokujou difficult to be with, but unknown to Genji, Lady Rokujou's spirit is bound to him through her jealousy and overhears the conversation. Lady Rokujō's spirit is so humiliated she possesses Genji's new wife Lady Murasaki causing her to fall ill. After several weeks, Lady Rokujou's possession causes Lady Murasaki to stop breathing. Genji and others pray, causing Lady Rokujou's spirit to jump out of Lady Murasaki's body. Lady Rokujō speaks to Genji through a medium and dhe admits she wants Genji to suffer because of her unrequited feelings and jealousy. Lady Rokujou states now that she has died she wishes Genji would forgive her wrongdoings and defend her name. When Genji apologizes, Lady Murasaki begins breathing again and Lady Rokujō's spirit disappears for good. Upon hearing of the hauntings, Lady Rokujō’s daughter became sad that her mother had still not found peace in death and performed the necessary memorial services to finally put her ghost at ease.[23][24]

Although the term "yandere" had not yet been created, the originator of the modern day yandere archetype is widely considered to be Yuna Sasai from the 2000 erotic visual novel Silver (JP).[7] The story follows Yuna Sasai and her younger sister Asana, who inherited a restaurant left behind after the death of their parents. As time passes, Yuna starts to become unhappy as a woman and with all things related to love which causes her to make a wish on a "Silver Thread" entrusted to her by her mother. This wish leads to her suddenly growing in admiration for a young man who comes to the store named Shiro Nabeshima, however, due to the negative power of the "Silver Thread" that can fulfill any wish, Yuna suddenly changes, and the relationship between the sisters heads towards an irreparable end. The concept of yandere is said to have risen and gained acceptance around 2005, when the violent acts of Kotonoha Katsura in School Days and Kaede Fuyou in the anime version of Shuffle! took the industry by storm. However, Yuna Sasai appeared five years earlier and became known as the "originator of yandere." There was even some people saying things like "The times have finally caught up with Yuna!"[25]

Yandere Four Heavenly Queens

The concept of yandere would increase in popularity between 2005—2007 largely because of four characters. During a radio show, the author of the Yandere Encyclopedia book asked viewers to vote for their favorite yandere characters. The top four characters were then given the label "Yandere Four Heavenly Queens" (JP) for their instrumental impact on making the yandere genre popular.[26][27]

The four characters responsible for making yandere popular are as follows:

  1. Kotonoha Katsura from School Days
  2. Yuno Gasai from Future Diary
  3. Kaede Fuyou (anime version) from SHUFFLE!
  4. Shion Sonozaki from Higurashi When They Cry


The 2005 anime adaptation of SHUFFLE! of the character of Kaede Fuyou was considered one of the first mainstream yandere characters. Kaede would exhibit violent behavior whenever her childhood friend and love interest, Rin Tsuchimi, blew her off to hang out and get closer to another girl named Asa Shigure. After Asa and Rin returned from their first date, Kaede lost it, slamming Asa against a wall resulting in Asa suffering a heart attack and being hospitalized. Despite her romantic feelings for Rin, however, she considered herself unworthy to be loved by Rin or to stay by Rin's side forcing her to have to come to terms with her feelings.

Yuno Gasai Knife

Yuno Gasai from Mirai Nikki

The popularity of yandere would reach its peak the next year following the release of the 2006 manga series Future Diary (JP) and the character Yuno Gasai. Yuno became incredibly popular and even to this day is considered the face of the yandere archetype.

While around her love interest Yukiteru Amano, Yuno is sweet, feminine, and even sometimes shy, however, this is masking a much darker and mentally unstable personality. Her mental health issues stem from abuse inflicted by her mother and the absence of her father, which finally ended with their deaths two years prior. She later became quite lonely and sorrowful and even developed a morbid habit of talking to her parents' dead bodies, telling them about her day and claiming she would bring Yukiteru to meet them. She wanted them to be a happy family, but because of their neglectful behavior and their deaths, she felt like her life had no purpose. When Yukiteru told her they would get married when they grew up, he unwittingly became a pillar of support that gave her much-needed stability. Her obsession with Yukiteru would then grow to escalating proportions to the point where she was willing to harm those who she believed would take Yukiteru away from her, be they friends, rivals, or relatives, even being prepared to resort to violence if Yukiteru's mother ever opposed her. Despite her insanity, however, Yuno has shown some reservedness to killing, such as letting a girl go after Yukiteru calls Yuno his girlfriend, when she intended to slit her throat, suggesting that she doesn't actually enjoy killing; she merely does it because she sees no other option and because she's scared of losing him again. Yuno is deeply insecure and feels her life would not be worth living if she could not be the center of Yukiteru's world. Her crippling fear of losing him is notably the only thing that can cause her usually disturbing composure to crack.[28]

2010 Redefinition of Yandere

As detailed earlier in the misuse section, a lot of early works (2005-2010) greatly misunderstood the meaning of "yandere". The rapid increase in the number of works due to the radicalization gradually took on the appearance of mass production of "just a knife fight", and original yandere fans began to question this trend. They said that all they were seeing was the self-satisfaction of a madman, and that they could no longer feel any genuine "dere". Originally, "yandere" was a moe element that, like tsundere, could be turned into "deredere" depending on how you treat it, and a backlash arose that the focus should not be on violent acts, which are the last resort in the direction of "sickness." As a result, the definition was reorganized as follows, involving "menhera", which existed as a partially overlapping concept at the time.[6][5]

Yandere
  1. They love a specific person and don't care about others (sometimes even themselves).
  2. They will do anything for the specific person they love, based on the act of "protecting and devoting themselves".
  3. They fear more than anything that the person they love will turn their back on them, but don't care what other people think of them.
  4. In a word, "If you don't love me, I'll kill that person who gets in the way!"
Menhera
  1. They want someone to show them affection and they love themselves more than anything.
  2. They will do anything to get someone to pay attention to them, based on the act of "attention-seeking".
  3. They fear more than anything that their existence will turn their back on them, but don't care what happens to other people.
  4. In a word, "If you don't love me, I'll die here!"


This resulted in many of the self-centeredness and aggressiveness that "yandere" had being dumped onto "menhera", and some characters that were previously considered "yandere" were prompted to reconsider their character. Alternatively, it could be considered a process of purifying "yandere" as a moe element. There are many cases where it is difficult to draw the line between "yandere" and "menhera" since there is no clear definition, so if you are unsure it may be easier to understand if you interpret it as "yandere" if you act for your partner and "menhera" if you act for yourself. A menhera character is extremely selfish and puts themself first, while a yandere character is extremely devoted and puts their love interest first.[6]

Following this establishment and now that yandere is better understood, several early works that were once considered to be "yandere" are no longer considered as such (including works that used the term "yandere" in their title). For example, I Can't Sleep So A Yandere Girl Loves Me To Death was once one of the most well-known works of the "yandere" genre, but nowadays it alongside the inability to listen is considered to be "menhera". The pattern of "being sick from the beginning" has also drastically decreased. This is because those who have "sickness" that arises without any influence from the love interest are "menhera", even if they are involved in love. It can be said that the required depiction has shifted from "sickness" to "blind obedience and devotion" as a result, and actions that have a negative impact on daily life, especially on the love interest, have become shunned. On the other hand, "menhera", which was originally a general term for various "illnesses", is increasingly being interpreted as a premise of "nymphomaniac" or "narcissistic personality disorder", and there is an increase in discourse that even hints at a preemptive attack on women, such as "I won't be loved anyway, so I don't need to give love either".[6]

There is also a different genre known as "kyouai" (mad love) that was created for characters who show an obsessive kind of love towards someone, similar to a yandere, but without the "dere" aspects of the character. Kyou ai is word that refers to "a character who loves someone so much that they go insane". It has almost the same meaning as yandere, but the biggest difference is that the person who is loved is often forced to endure pain through confinement or other means. Characters with the mindset of "I love you so much I want to kill you" or "I'll make you love me even if you're barely alive" would fall under the genre of kyou ai, not yandere. In comparison, with a yandere character the love interest is the top priority and the yandere character would do absolutely anything to keep them safe, even if it means killing other third parties. Yandere is to be deredere in a mentally ill way, while kyou ai is more horror driven from the perspective of the love interest. So that is an easy way to tell the difference between the two types.[29][30][6]

Characteristics

Changes in Behavior

The mental state of a yandere character is a very fragile thing. They could easily lean into becoming more sick or more deredere depending on how they're treated. They are the kind of character who will act all cute and lovey-dovey (deredere) when their relationship with their romantic partner is going well, but when something triggers jealousy or possessiveness they act impulsively in a way that makes them seem mentally ill (yan).[14]

A yandere character whose love interest loves them back, whose reassured of their insecurities, and is taken care of is likely to be more on the sweet loving side and may even overcome their mental health issues altogether. In comparison, a yandere who gets cheated on by their love interest or is otherwise treated poorly is more likely to become extremely sick and act in crazy ways.[14]

Development to Yandere

Eiko Houzuki deredere from Dark Gathering

Eiko Houzuki being cute and deredere from Dark Gathering

Yandere is unique when compared to most dere types in that it does not start as "__" (an unromantic state) and then becomes "dere" over time resulting in the more traditional tsundere formula: "sick at the start" and "dere at the end". Rather a yandere is already deredere from the very start. They are openly affectionate, romantic, and legitimately kind, loving, innocent, and sweet just like a regular deredere character is, however, over time they begin exhibiting signs of extreme jealousy, outbursts of rage, or strong feelings of possession. They are a character who is so deredere (lovestruck) that it causes them to become mentally sick (yan) and to express their love in unhealthy ways. It is a sickness born from too much love.[31]

The transformation process of going from "normal dere" to "yandere" is often referred to as "sickening"(病み化), "darkening" (闇化), or "blackening" (黒化).[7]

The point of yandere is that they aren't yandere from the beginning and that they don't realize they are sick. When a boy they like is talking to another girl, they feel a little jealousy. It's rare to start getting sick just because of that event, but they'll gradually become yandere over time. The more they think about the person they like, the more they "like" them, and their desire to monopolize becomes very strong. The reason for this is that they always think that they are the same because they are always delusional about becoming a lover or being married. "But he's mine..." and out of love, their possessiveness becomes very strong. As the sickness further accelerates, the person will have insane thoughts such as, "I would rather kill them than have him be with a girl who isn't me." or other insane thoughts. Many people have the image that yandere are scary, but there are also many cases where they realize the magnitude of the love and become obsessed, thinking, "I can't believe she cares about me that much!" It's important for a yandere girl to love as much as she can![32]

Eiko Houzuki kurodere from Dark Gathering 6

Eiko Houzuki's love for Keitaro Gentoga causing her to start to act insane from Dark Gathering

Their love is expressed as a pathological obsession towards their love interest. They become so attached to their love interest that it's impossible to let go and they may even use violence as a last resort towards anyone who "threatens" their relationship. They are not characters who want to do this crazy actions or to commit violent acts, but they be become so scared of losing their love interest that they act out of impulse.[5]

Much of the time this resulting sickness develops because of an insecurity within the yandere character themself. They may not be able to stop their bad imagination due to their worrying nature and may become depressed without their love interest's knowledge. Sometimes the imaginations come from a lack of self-confidence, such as, "they'll find a better lover than me someday", or "What if they fall out of love with me?" causing them to torment themselves and make themself sick. This fear may be compounded even further if they suffer from delusions and sit at home all day constantly worrying about their partner leaving them.[20]

A yandere character may have some pre-existing feelings, such as loneliness or loss, that explain why they hold on so tightly to the first person to make them love again. Those feelings they had prior to falling in love are then made even worse by their strong feelings towards their love interest and they develop a strong desire to never go back to that feeling that way so it causes them to become scared of anything that threatens to disrupt their happiness. In many cases though they were simply a perfectly normal healthy person prior to falling in love. Their may not have been any warning signs that their love will develop into an unhealthy obsession, but overtime their love starts to become too strong and it causes a change in the character. Whatever the case may be, the main action that causes a yandere character to develop an unstable mental state and change from "dere" (lovestruck and overly affectionate) to "yan" (lovestruck and mentally sick) is their excessive love. They are a mentally sick character who harbors deredere feelings towards their love interest and they will do anything it takes to be with them.[citation needed]

Development to Deredere

Sakuna Memoir from The Vexations of a Shut-In Vampire Princess dere 1

Sakuna Memoir becoming less unstable after being accepted by Terakomari Gandesblood from Hikikomari the Vampire Countess no Monmon

While the too strong feelings of a yandere character drive them to express their love in an out of control way, it is also possible for them to go back to being deredere again depending on how the character is treated.[6] Just like a character who is deredere can become a yandere if their love is too great, it is also possible for a character who is yandere to become deredere again. Yandere is not a bad thing, but if they have a strong dependency on their lover it can be painful for them. If they realize they are struggling and want have an easier life there are ways they can improve their mental attitude.[14]

  • They will start to try to act for someone other than their lover. When someone has a strong yandere tendency, they are extremely unconfident, so they tend to try to get their love interest's attention by being excessively devoted to them. They can improve if they try doing something for people outside of love, such as friends or work relationships. They may start with small things like "give a heartfelt greeting" or "try to keep a smile". When they are more appreciated by those around them, they can reaffirm that they can be useful to others without overdoing it and they will not gain affection by serving others.[14]
  • They will start to open up to friends they trust. People who cling excessively to their lover often have no one to feel safe with other than their lover. Opening up to friends and other people they trust and trying to create more places where they feel safe and can be themself will help them realize they don't need their lover to feel safe.[14]
  • They will take a look at a happy couple. It is also common for people who are prone to yandere feelings to know only love affairs that are overly dependent on the other person. Instead they can start to observe how happy couples communicate and learn to immitate their behavior and learn more healthy ways of showing love and affection.[14]

Personality

General Behavior

Love is a powerful force, both in fiction and reality. Yandere characters are created with this notion in mind to show how far the power of love can go and how it can this affect a character's mental state. A yandere is conceived to bring love to its maximal and utmost potential, which results on driving the yandere character to act in ways that are seen as mentally unstable and unorthodox. This is caused due to the great amount of candid love they feel towards someone that goes beyond what is seen as normal in society. The strong emotions a yandere feels and their strange behavior will usually just be added the right amount to provide some drama to the narrative or to show to the audience how far love can go and how in love is the yandere to reach such lengths.

Love

Yuno Gasai from Future Diary dere 2

Yuno Gasai with Yukiteru Amano from Mirai Nikki

Yandere characters take what one would call love to an extreme in an attempt at building a stronger, closer, and permanent bond with their love interest.

But yandere isn't all bad. People with a yandere temperament are pure in their love for the other person. They want to know everything about the person they love and feel a strong desire to help them. For a yandere the person they love is the top priority and they will act for the sake of their love interest.[14]

Fearing not caring enough for their love interest, yandere characters will never entertain cheating, or divorce, and will not take an interest in explicit materials. Their love interest, if not already perfect for them, can be perfected through their complementary love. A yandere character needs no romantic beach, nor music. Their love interest is romance itself, and the love interest's voice is music to their ears. They don't need a sports car or large house. Their love interest's smile takes them to the moon, and their love interest's heart is their home. It pleases yandere characters to chose a variety of methods to cause their relationships with their love interests to excel. These methods intertwine with, and build off of, each other, ensuring the success of their relationship, and subsequent marriage.

Being loved and accepted by their love interest is the top priority for a yandere character and because of the fragile state of their mind, if their love interest were to ever tell the yandere character that they hate them there is a strong chance they will no longer be able to live with themself and will kill themself.[33]

Depiction

Yandere characters are sometimes depicted with a favorite weapon, such as an axe or knife. They may also be depicted without their pupils or eye highlights drawn, or single color eyes, and possibly swirling lines in them when they are going "crazy" for their love interest. They may also have hearts or stars in their eyes when they are focused on their love interest. Yandere characters also tend to quickly choose. Most yandere characters in anime are female, although there are some males.[citation needed]

Shock Tropes

Despite their seemingly insane personality they are not characters who like to, or even want to, commit violent acts. They are simply characters who are deeply insecure and prone to negative thoughts so feel they have no other choice so they act entirely on impulse. At the same time they are characters that can be stopped and brought back to their senses by their love for their romantic partner. If their love interest were to ensure them or say they love the yandere it can make them snap back to their senses and switch back to "dere" mode, dropping their weapon in the process even when they completely intent on using it just moments prior. They may also stop themselves from committing violent acts because they don't want their love interest to dislike them for it.[15]

As a rule, the anger is directed at a third party, not the love interest or themselves. Rather, they may pretend to turn a blind eye to the love interest's sins, even if there was actually an affair. The difference between this and other types is that even if they are satisfied with the situation on the surface, they unconsciously continue to develop a "sickness" within themselves.[6]

Although yandere characters don't ever intend to hurt anybody, if they are continuously treated poorly it is possible that a yandere character will be driven further into insanity and can end up doing something they regret in the spur of the moment. They may begin to blame other people for their relationship issues and try to take it out on them. These scenes typically come at the end of visual novels routes in the so-called "BAD ENDING". However, it is usually possible to avoid ever getting the yandere character to that point by loving them well and achieving the "GOOD ENDING".[10]

Kotonoha Katsura from School Days

Kotonoha Katsura stabbing someone over jealousy from School Days

If we look at the origin character Kotonoha Katsura, it's not like she is crazy at the start. In fact, she's one of the nicest people in the entire series. Even when her love interest Makoto Itou cheats on her repeatedly with multiple girls (including her own younger sister) she still tries to win him back because she can't live without his love. She gradually begins acting in irrational ways and stalking him, but it is not until she is driven past the point of repair that she snaps and kills the people who Makoto was intimate with. However, in the routes where she is treated well, she never hurts anybody. In fact, in at least one of the routes she shares Makoto with her love rival.[10]

Even if we look at arguably the most infamous yandere character Yuno Gasai, while she is one of the most violent characters in the entire yandere genre she is not violent for no reason. Much of her destructive wake comes as a result of being forced to partake in a life or death survival game by a god, and not actually directly because of her love or mental illness. This can be seen most prevalently when Yuno drops the knife when Yuki assures her of his love for her. She listens to him. Another aspect that is also often overlooked, is that episode 1 is not actually the beginning of Yuno's character development and she was not actually sick and violent from the very start. Rather this mental sickness came from having already gone through one Future Diary survival game and losing Yuki prior to the start of the series, so on her second time through starting in episode 1 she has already made a significant amount of progress on her developing sickness.[28]

Yandere is a gradual process and the most important aspect of this type is the process of the sickness taking over. These shock tropes are not the requirement for yandere, they are the extremes of yandere that happen at the end of their sickness' development.[5]

Sub-Types

Yandere can be broken down into several different sub-types based on their behavior and state of mind. Yandere characters will generally fall under a few different predominant sub-types, but may also have smaller traits from other types.

Delusional

Anna Nishikinomiya Blush

Anna Nishikinomiya from Shimoneta to Iu Gainen ga Sonzai Shinai Taikutsu na Sekai

Quotation HeartsAfter all, this is love.Quotation Hearts R
Anna Nishikinomiya not being able to tell the difference between "love" and lewd things, from Shimoneta

"Delusional-Type Yandere" (JP) are the type who have a tendency towards paranoia or who cannot accept the current reality and create a fantasy in their head.[34]

They have a tendency of over-glorifying their partner or thinking in a bad way. The delusional yandere is characterized by intense assumption. At times, they have a hard time distinguishing between reality and delusion. For example, when they don't hear from the person they like or their lover, they tend to think negatively, "Maybe they don't like me". They may also fall into paranoia by thinking in the wrong direction, for example, creating in their minds the image of their lover as an unfaithful boyfriend or girlfriend. When they notice a gap between their ideal image and the one they have created, they may become disappointed and try to forget the unsatisfactory or cruel reality to what they want to believe in terms of their real relationship, as well as the feelings and state of their love interest.[34]

In extreme cases, in the event they are unable to accept the death of their love interest they will deny it completely which leads to the delusional yandere rebuilding a new perfect reality in their head where their love interest is still alive. They may even begin talking and living with their "spirit" or corpse as if they were still alive. Sometimes they will even think that they can achieve something impossible to fix their current reality, trying to replicate or obtain this ideal life of theirs. They can also get lost in their own mind and fictional world. They may know that this world they created is not actually real, but they prefer experiencing their perfect reality rather than the actual imperfect true reality. This is a more extreme representation that a delusional yandere will still love and be loyal to their love interest even after their death.[10]

Dependent

Happy sugar life

Satou Matsuzaka depending on Shio Koube for emotional stability from Happy Sugar Life

Quotation HeartsI was always alone. Always numb. Something was always missing. I was always sad. I thought I would end up dying alone. But I was wrong. Shio-chan found me and proved me wrong!Quotation Hearts R
Satou Matsuzaka, from Happy Sugar Life

"Dependent-Type Yandere" (JP), also sometimes referred to as the "Attachment-Type Yandere" (JP), are the type who depend on the person they live and rely on them for nearly everything.[35]

Dependent-type yandere have a strong desire to be with the person they love anytime and anywhere and have a strong feeling of attachment. They do not want their partner to go anywhere and may even try to follow them to gatherings that are unrelated to them. When this is not possible, they resort to constantly calling them. When they are unable to contact their partner or when they are alone, they become anxious and unable to do anything.[35]

They also characterized by the fact that they do everything at their partner's behest. They do not want to be disliked by their lover, so they do not assert themselves and go along with everything the other person says. They may feel as if they do not have their own opinions. Another characteristic is that once they have a lover, they change their life to one that is centered completely around that person. They may not see anything else but the person they love, and may neglect other people. They are willing to put other people and even themselves on the back burner for the sake of being with their lover.[35]

Elimination

Renner Theiere Chardelon Ryle Vaiself from Overlord yan 9

Renner Theiere Chardelon Ryle Vaiself from Overlord

Quotation HeartsI was able to realize my dream by merely selling out a single kingdom. Climb, let's spend eternity together in happiness.Quotation Hearts R
Renner Theiere Chardelon Ryle Vaiself after selling out her entire kingdom to be with Climb, from Overlord

"Others Eliminating-Type Yandere" (JP), usually shortened to simply "Elimination-Type Yandere" (JP) and also sometimes referred to as the "Isolation Inducing-Type Yandere" (JP), are the type who try to exclude the presence of others and make their love interest aware of only them.[36]

They want to immerse themselves in a private world with the person they love and tend to exclude other people from their lives. The exclusion may even extend to the love interest's friends and family members. Even though it may be difficult to actually eliminate them, they may try to do so by directing their strong jealousy toward others. The main characteristic of a yandere who excludes others is that they try to monopolize their partner by isolating them. They believe that if their love interest is isolated, their love interest will be forced to rely on them.[36]

In extreme cases, they may even resort to permanently eliminating others by killing them.[10]

Harmless

Eiko Houzuki masodere from Dark Gathering 7

Eiko Houzuki from Dark Gathering

Quotation HeartsI never, ever want you to get hurt, but... but I can't help how much I love spooky stuff. The closer I get to the darkness, the harder you try to protect me from it. Then I get to have the two things I love: spooky stuff AND you. I just can't stop. Not when I can feel how much you love me. Kei-kun... I'm so addicted to you!Quotation Hearts R
Eiko Hozuki talking about her love for Keitaro Gentoga, from Dark Gathering

"Harmless-Type Yandere" (JP) are the type who do not behave negatively towards others. However, a major characteristic of them is that they tend to be emotionally unstable due to the strength of their love. Basically, they do not cause problematic behaviors that are likely to bother their love interest. They won't over-monopolize them or exclude others from their life. However, it is easy for them to accumulate jealousy and dissatisfaction with their love interest and the mind tends to be unstable. They are not good at communicating their jealousy and anxiety to others, so even if they do not cause any particular problematic behavior they are likely to suffer quite a bit in their hearts.[37]

However, yandere tend to lose sight of their surroundings when they fall in love. They will forget about their own hobbies and will instead partake in activities the love interest is interested in to feel and appreciate the same joy this action brings to the love interest. They will try to learn how to do everything the love interest likes or needs in their life, like in cooking. They might even change their own way of doing things, their speech, their physical appearance and personality to what the love interest prefers, because they don't mind changing just for them.[37]

Although they are still very much harmless, they can still get ignored and rejected. They tend to gain sympathy from the audience by how much they put into the life of their love interest vs. how much they receive in return. Oftentimes depicted as having their kindnesses and devotion being taken advantage of, they really just need their love interest to look out for their best interests in order to form a great relationship. At the same time it is also possible that a harmless yandere may accumulate frustration because their desires for their love interest are not satisfied and as a result their emotions may explode and they may take unexpected actions. There is a possibility that their emotions will explode and they will become like a violent or monopolistic yandere. They will accumulate negative emotions until they explode.[37]

Possessive

Ren Yamai from Komi Can't Communicate yan 3

Ren Yamai with Hitohito Tadano and Shouko Komi from Komi-san wa, Komyushou desu.

"Possessive-Type Yandere" (JP), also sometimes referred to as the "Restriction-Type Yandere" (JP), are the type who are very possessive and have a strong desire to have their love interest exclusively for themself. They want to monopolize their love interest's attention and not let anybody else have it.[38]

The possessive type of yandere tries to limit and restrict the behavior of their lover. They focus on being with their love interest at every possible movement and reducing the time their love interest has with other people so they can spend that time with them instead. If their love interest is getting along with others, they may become angry or try to interfere. In some cases, this jealousy may even be directed at the family and friends of the person they love. They may feel unable to stand still when the other person is spending time with others. Frequent contact by phone is another characteristic of the possessive type of yandere and they will feel insecure if they are not in constant contact. If they are not in touch, they may continue to contact even more intensely because they suspect or feel insecure about cheating.[38]

Stalker

Yandere-stalk-yuno

Yuno Gasai from Mirai Nikki

Quotation HeartsI'm selfish, I know. But to keep you only mine, I will do everything I need to do, even if it's illegal.Quotation Hearts R
Yuno Gasai, from Mirai Nikki

"Stalker-Type Yandere" (JP) are the type who wMt to know everything possible about their love interest and will constantly be pursuing their love interest to learn what they like, where they go, what they do, and who they associate with.[39]

The stalker-type yandere constantly monitors their partner's activities and tries to know what they are doing every step of the way. If they are in the same location, they will secretly observe the love interest from afar. They will prefer to look at their love interest and take more attention to what the love interest is doing than anything else in the room, listening closely to what the love interest is saying to other people and what others answer in return.[39]

If escalated, they may even begin following their partner around. If they actively seek the love interest, stalking will give them the thrill of being near their love interest all the time and of knowing if their love interest is being honest with them or if they are okay. They may also check their partner's social media sites frequently to see what they are doing. If they are not satisfied with this alone, they may even look into their partner's phone or computer without their permission. They also tend to persistently try to contact their partner. They want to know everything about what their partner is doing, and they want to know in detail what happened today and what they plan to do tomorrow. If they can't be present themselves, they can use cameras and hidden microphones so they can keep the love interest observed 24/7. This way they can be notified if something bad occurs to their love interest or if a danger appears to their relationship at any moment.[39]

In doing this, they can better align their likes with that of their love interest. They can surprise their love interest by locating destinations for dating by choosing activities that they know their love interest would like that they will now be able to do together. They will also learn who's important to their love interest in their lives and who their competition is. They may even just want to have as many candid photos of their love interest as possible so they can always be looking at them even when they're away. Although they are seen by many as creepy they just want to be in as glorious a relationship as possible. Given the choice between stalking their love interest and their love interest sharing more, they'll chose sharing as it's more personal than watching from a few meters away.

Worship

Misa

Misa Amane from Death Note

Quotation HeartsI'll work hard to make you love me.Quotation Hearts R
Misa Amane, from DEATH NOTE

"Worship-Type Yandere" (JP) are the type who have strong adoration for and worship their love interest.[40]

Having an aggrandized opinion of their love interest, these yandere characters see themselves as insignificant compared to their love interest. They may even compare themselves to inanimate objects, such as tools for their love interests use.[citation needed]

Seeking to bring joy and fulfillment to the lives of their love interests, they take care of all of their love interest's needs and see to the perfection of their education, emotions, and soul with the greatest care. They will value more the likes and needs of the love interest than their own. They can even change their ways, tastes and life plans to that of the love interest to bring them happiness and understand them better instead. They aim to turn into the idealized most perfect individual to be beside the love interest in life, be it as a romantic partner or as another person of great significance in the life of the love interest, and do everything in their power to achieve this and no matter how they are treated in return.[citation needed]

They may allow their love interest to marry someone else, for they see themselves as unworthy of their love interest's attentions and affections. They react negatively, perhaps even aggressively so, to those who do not respect their love interests greatness.[citation needed]

Although they are seen by many as slaves to their love interest, they really just feel they are not enough for their love interest. They take the natural tendency to think well about one's love interest to an extreme. If their love interest works to lift their self-confidence from the ground and marry them, they can grow to believe that they really are good enough for their love interest.[citation needed]

Differences From Other Archetypes

The yandere archetype is often confused with/for several other archetypes that are also based on mental illnesses. It is most easily confused because of the misconception that "yandere" refers to "anyone who is sick and in love", when it actually it refers to someone who becomes sick specifically because of love and because their love becomes pathological. Characters who are already insane prior to finding love do not fall under the definition of "yandere" because they did not become "yan" as a result of having too much "dere".[5]

It may be easier to picture if you think of "yandere" as a "love sickness". A character becomes a yandere when they catch this "love sickness" and their formerly healthy deredere becomes sick and pathological. Meanwhile a different character who has an unrelated sickness (i.e, menhera) that also has love is not "yandere" because they do not have "love sickness" and their love has no relation to their mental illness.

It is also worth pointing out that simply having some traits commonly found in yandere characters doesn't automatically make someone a "yandere" themselves. For example, a character worshipping their love interest and having deep admiration for them doesn't automatically make a character a "worship-type yandere", they may just be a goudere character who sees their love interest as a great and powerful lord. So what's the difference? It's simple, a worship-type yandere is mentally sick and a goudere isn't.

This is also true for other traits as well. For example, not all stalkers are yandere either. Even if they're stalking someone they have a crush on, if they do not have that cute and doting deredere side at the beginning then they are not a yandere. It's important to remember that a yandere is genuinely sweet and innocent at the start, and only after their strong love starts to make them sick do they begin exhibiting these immoral behaviors. So a character who just stalks their crush in a creepy way from the beginning, may just be a menhera with severe mental health problems or a kyoai character who doesn't care if they're being scary, and not actually a yandere. It's important to check the development of the character when determining if someone is a yandere rather than individual specific traits.

More specific details regarding more closely-related archetypes can be found in their respective sections below.

Dorodere

Characters who pretend to be a cute and innocent deredere character at the start, but are secretly full of muddy feelings and hatred fall under dorodere. This is very different from yandere in that a yandere character is not pretending but is actually sweet and innocent at the start and over time starts to break down and become sick. In fact, a yandere character doesn't even know that they are sick while a dorodere character is in full control of their actions.

The difference is yandere is a one-sided love, but dorodere forces the other person to love and desire them.[41]

Kichidere

Kichidere is very similar to yandere since both types are for mentally ill characters who harbor deredere feelings for their love interest, but they are not the same. The main difference is that a yandere character is a completely normal sane person at first who is sweet and affectionate but will turn crazy after falling in love because their love is too strong and slowly eats away at their sanity. This is contrast to a kichidere character who will be crazy from the beginning as a result of chilhood trauma or something similar but will develop a surprisingly cute affectionate side after falling in love. A simpler way to think about this is a character falls under the archetype of "kichidere" if they develop a cute and fawning deredere side after developing a mentally ill state, but fall under the archetype of "yandere" if they develop a cute and fawning deredere side before developing a mentally ill state. So in that sense the two types act as inverted developments of each other. A yandere character is "deredere at the start" and "mentally ill by the end", while a kichidere character is "mentally ill at the start" and "deredere by the end".[42]

Kichidere characters also act surprisingly normal in their romantic relationship, unlike a yandere character who is pathologically obsessive towards their love interest. A kichidere character is also more likely to suffer from more serious mental illnesses, such as being suicidal, which is unlikely to exist for a yandere character unless something were to happen to their love interest.[42]

Kyouai

The archetype that is most commonly confused for yandere is kyouai (mad love), which is term for a character who loves someone so much that they go insane. While it is similar to yandere in that they show an obsessive kind of love towards someone and are driven insane because of love, the biggest difference is that unlike yandere they do not have the "deredere" aspects of the character. Kyouai has almost the same meaning as yandere, but the biggest difference is that they don't care if their love interest suffers because of their love and the person who is loved is often forced to endure pain through confinement or other means. They are so mad that they may even kill their love interest because they "love" them so much. It could be seen as a horror version of yandere which lacks the cute and doting deredere aspects and only has the dark and obsessive ones.[6]

Several characters of this nature used to be considered as "yandere" before the type was fully understood, but now that yandere has a more established meaning they are considered to be separate archetypes.[6]

Menhera

Yandere is very often confused with menhera. While yandere and menhera do have many aspects in common, they are also quite different.[14]

When looking at the things they have in common:[14]

  • They both are not good at controlling their emotions and tend to get out of control. They get angry or cry over small things. The slightest thing or the casual words and actions of their love interest can quickly make them feel sad or moody.
  • They often have a lack of self-confidence. Since the thought of "I don't ___ myself" is at the root, they tend to have a strong sense of inferiority with negative thinking.
  • They have a tendency to think only of themself. There are times where they ignore other people's opinions and try to push their own opinions, or think that they are absolutely right.
  • Romance and interpersonal relationships are easily strained. They are restrained, dependent, and emotionally unstable, so they often have a hard time with those around them. It's easy for relationships with both lovers and friends to go wrong or get strained.
  • They are prone to dependency. When being lonely, it is easy to depend on lovers, friends, or family.

When taking a look at the differences between yandere and menhera, the characteristics of each are listed below:[14][6]

Characteristics of Yandere
  • Their love interest is the top priority.
  • They have a strong desire to help their love interest.
  • They want to know everything about their love interest.
  • When they feel upset they tend to be aggressive towards others.
Characteristics of Menhera
  • They put themself first.
  • They have a strong desire to be cared for by others.
  • They want people to understand them.
  • When they feel upset, they tend to hurt themself and withdraw.


In contrast to the yandere character who acts for the sake of their love interest, the menhera character acts selfishly to satisfy their own desires. It may be easier to understand if you interpret it as "yandere" if you act for the other person and "menhera" if you act for yourself. The crucial difference between yandere and menhera is that "yandere" is targeted at others, while "menhera" is targeted at one's self.[14][6]

Yangire

Those characters who snap for reasons other than too much love are instead what is referred to as yangire. The archetype of yangire was not created in Japan, but rather in the Western community to preserve the original meaning of yandere and later spread in usage to Japan.[43]

A yangire is character with yandere traits, but whose mentally unstable (yan) state did not come as a result of too strong love. Similarly to a yandere, at first they are a very kind, sweet, loving, and innocent person, but then one day suddenly snap and start to become mentally unstable (yan) as a result of jealousy, loss, trauma, irritation, or something similar. This behavior is far different from that of a yandere in regard to the reason that sparked the change in the character. A yandere becomes mentally sick (yan) as a result of having a too strong for their love interest (dere) and their reasons for doing anything are motivated by their love. Whereas a yangire is a lot more dangerous because their sickness (yan) is not connected to feelings of love or attraction and they are driven entirely by selfish desires.[43]

If a yangire character were to find love after snapping they would not care about their "love" interest's well-being because they care only about what they want, in comparison to a yandere who does everything for their love interest because they're more important than even themselves. While a yandere starts as innocent and romantic, a yangire no longer has any such attachments to that and rarely acts out of any true sense of love. A yangire is driven by the self-satisfaction of a madman.[8]

It is also possible for a character to start out as yandere, but later turn yangire if their sickness becomes too strong and something happens that makes them snap. While a yandere would never harm their love interest because their love and devotion is far too strong, if they are rejected or their love interest chooses someone else it is possible they become extremely angry and show a darker kind of obsessive behavior towards their love interest. Rather than having an obsessive devotion of love, love is now dead to them and they have an obsession of hatred and anger and now want to kill them.[44]

Similar Japanese Archetypes

  • Byoukidere: A term for a character who is kind, affectionate, gentle, and deredere at heart but suffers from a serious illness. Unlike yandere which suffers from a mental illness, this refers to a physical illness.
  • Deredere: A term for a character who is lovestruck and does not hide their romantic feelings towards their love interest.
  • Dorodere: A term for a character who at first seems to be a cute, lovey-dovey, doting, and overly friendly deredere character, before it is revealed that this is nothing more than a disguise to hide their true intentions which is full of disturbed thoughts and feelings of hatred towards their love interest.
  • Kichidere: A term for a character who has gone insane and acts like a crazy lunatic, but whose romantic feelings toward their love interest are surprisingly cute and deredere.
  • Kyouai: A term for a character who loves someone so much that they go insane.
  • Megadere (Western): A term for a character who has a strong adoration for their love interest and will not be afraid to give them large displays of affection and tell them how much they love them.
  • Menhera: A term for a character who is emotionally unstable and in poor mental health.
  • Yangire: A term for a mentally unstable character who snaps instantly without showing mercy for the victim of their angry outburst.
  • Yandere (Yankii): A term for a yankii character who falls in love and becomes deredere.

List of Characters

See Yandere/Japanese Characters to see characters from Japanese media.
See Yandere/Non-Japanese Characters to see characters from non-Japanese media.

Gallery

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 A Story About a Yandere Girlfriend Who Won't Let Me Sleep. KADOKAWA (2021/06/23). “Cute and scary at the same time! Itako, a high school girl, loses her beloved boyfriend, Rei, in a car accident. In the midst of her heartbreak, she, the daughter of a medium, succeeds in transferring his soul to a stuffed bear. They go on dates together, give each other gifts, and live happily ever after despite the change in their appearance. Gradually, however, something begins to change in Rei...”
  2. 2.0 2.1 Dere Suku. Milk Pai (2010/08/27).
  3. 3.0 3.1 Little Summoner ~A Yandere Girl From Another World Won't Let Me Return to the Original World~. Shonen Jump Rookie (2023/02/03).
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Yandere kato omottara motto Yabee onna datta. KADOKAWA (2024/07/26). “I can't run away from Yandere-chan any more. You can't escape from Yandere-chan anymore! You can't take your eyes off this slightly creepy girl who drags you into a heavy, heavy swamp of love!”
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 What is Yandere. Nico Nico Pedia (2008/05/22). “Yandere is a word that describes a person's character or state, meaning "yandeiru (sick)" + "dere". It refers to the progression of a state in which a person has a liking (dere) for someone, but the excessive liking is directly or indirectly responsible for undermining their spirit and making the person mentally ill (yan). The term "yandere" was created as a derivative of "tsundere", which already existed on the Internet, around 2005.

    Generally speaking, the person who starts out as an ordinary child or a somewhat introverted child is subjected to terrible tragedies, mainly in relationships, betrayals, and deceptions, and struggles between their feelings and the reality in front of them... As a result, only their feelings of love become stronger and distorted, they gradually become mentally ill, their behavior starts to get out of control, and then... The final result is often a gruesome ending that could be called a "bloody ending," but what is important for yandere is not the bloodshed itself, but the process of being mentally cornered and broken, and the love, conflict, and possessiveness that is so powerful that it destroys them, that lies behind that final description. It is not necessarily bizarre, but rather a kind of "I can't help it even if I get sick" kind of sympathy or "Oh, so the tragedy is inevitable..." kind of catharsis. Therefore, they do not necessarily have to be bizarre or aggressive, and they do not necessarily have to end up in a bloody incident. It can be said that "you can't tell how good yandere is by looking at only the final part of the last episode."”
  6. 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 What is Yandere?. Pixiv Encylopedia (2009/12/04). “A compound word of "yami" (sickness) and "dere." It is derived from the preceding "tsundere" and became popular in the mid-to-late 2000s, mainly in the male-oriented moe culture. It describes a state in which one lacks reason, conscience, and common sense due to chronic conflicting feelings and conflicts toward their sweetheart (often the protagonist), an unsatisfied desire for possession, etc. Simply put, it means "a pathological mental state that results from excessive affection for their partner."

    The rapid increase in the number of works due to the radicalization gradually took on the appearance of mass production of shoddy works with a "let's just get some blood in the mouth" mentality, and even original fans began to question this trend. Some of the original fans began to voice their doubts about this trend, saying that they were only being shown the self-satisfaction of a madman, and that they could no longer sense any genuine "dere" at all. Some people argued that "yandere" is a moe element that, like "tsundere," can be turned into "deredere" depending on how it is handled, and that the focus should not be exclusively on the final act of "sickening" behavior. As a result, the following reorganization of definitions was made, involving "menhera". This has resulted in much of the self-centeredness and aggression that "yandere" had, being thrown to "menhera," and has prompted some characters who were previously considered "yandere" to rethink their role.”
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Yandere. Wikipedia JP (2009/09/08). “Yandere is one of the character adjectives. It is a compound word of "yamu" (sick) and "dere" and it refers to a character who has feelings of love for another character ("dere") but whose fondness is so strong that they become mentally ill. The following tendencies can be cited as a result of excessive feelings for their partner. They try to devote all they have to their partner. They are so kind to their partners that it appears abnormal to those around them, for example, by inviting them to stay at home and taking care of them without being asked. Moreover, they are capable of doing all kinds of household chores. They are not satisfied unless they know everything about their partner. When they see their partner being intimate with someone of the opposite sex, they become extremely jealous and use tricks to get rid of that person. If their relationship is hurt or insulted, they will punish the offender without mercy, regardless of whether the offender is of the same or opposite sex. The transformation from normal to yandere is also referred to as "sickening"(病み化), "darkening" (闇化), or "blackening" (黒化). The unusual degree of affection expressed toward a crush or dating partner is favored by fans.”
  8. 8.0 8.1 Yandere Origin and History. Dictionary (Yandere is a portmanteau of two Japanese words. The first is yanderu, which means “to be sick,” and the second is deredere, used here for “lovestruck.” A yandere is often sweet, caring, and innocent before switching into someone who displays an extreme, often violent or psychotic, level of devotion to a love interest. Such behavior might include brutally murdering other girls out of jealousy.).
  9. GyaO to Stream Yandere Anime "School Days" With R Rating. AV Watch (2007/12/01). “"School Days" is a TV anime based on the bishojo game of the same name, which began airing in September 2007. The anime boldly adapts the original game, which focuses on the so-called "bloodshed" scenes and the romantic entanglements themselves as its main theme. The anime attracted a great deal of attention during the broadcast for its sexual depiction, and the heroine began to engage in bizarre behavior in order to win the love of the main character. The heroine begins to act bizarre in order to win the hero's love and this became a representative work in which a "yandere" character appeared. The 12th and final episode had a shocking ending, but all TV stations stopped airing it in consideration of the social situation. Fans who saw the spectacular final episode at a preview event later commented, "There is no way it can be broadcast."”
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Kotonoha Katsura. Nico Nico Pedia (2008/05/22). “Kotonoha Katsura is the main heroine of School Days. She has been teased by boys since elementary school and has a mild phobia of men. Even at school, she is bullied by the girls due to jealousy and other reasons, perhaps because of her attractive appearance with her too cute face and excellent style. She uses honorifics with non-family members and has the temperament of a serious and gentle honor student. Although she has a weak temperament, she has a strong will when it comes to Makoto Ito, and her single-minded love for Makoto has attracted many deep-rooted fans. However, because she loves so much, she can turn into a yandere who can silence even crying children and she is even called the Yandere Queen. Fans of the PC version call her Kotoba-sama (Words-sama). The fear of Kotoba-sama when she loses the light from her eyes (in her awakened state) is beyond imagination. Her famous words of wisdom include "There is no one inside" and "Die!"”
  11. What is Bìng Jiāo (Yandere). Baidu (2008/07/28).
  12. "Moe Taxi Reservation" Where You Can Choose a Tsundere/Yandere Character. Ketai Watch (2007/12/10). “A yandere is a character in anime, games, etc., who acts all deredere as if they are mentally ill.”
  13. What is Yandere?. Japanese Dictionary (2009/02/17). “「ヤンデレ」 is a Japanese term that refers to a character who is initially sweet and loving, but becomes increasingly unstable or violent as their obsession with someone grows. The term is often used in anime, manga, and video games to describe such characters. Overall, yandere characters are often portrayed as emotionally unstable and dangerous, making them both fascinating and terrifying to watch.”
  14. 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 What is Yandere? Introducing the similarities with Menhera, the differences, and how to improve them. Zexy (2021/10/28). “Yandere is a compound word made up of "yami" (sickness) and "deredere." It describes a situation when in which a person's affection for the person they love grows too strong that their expressions of love become out of control.”
  15. 15.0 15.1 What is the meaning of yandere? We will also teach you the difference between menhera and tsundere. GirlsWalker (2023/01/01). “An Internet term created from the words "yamu" (sick) and "dere". It originally came from the moe culture of anime and games and was a word that described the characteristics of characters that appear in works. The meaning of "yandere" is a mental state where one person's feelings for the person they love are so strong that it causes them to become "sick". As for the type of characters that the word is used for, it seems that it is often used for out-of-control girls who are deredere and amae when their relationship with their romantic partner is going well, but when something ignites their jealousy or possessiveness, they act impulsively to the point of hurting the other person. Characteristics of yandere include having someone they are passionately in love with and having two opposing sides to their personality: a spoiled amae side and an insane side.”
  16. What is Yandere? There are 5 types and characteristics. Differences from Menhera and Tsundere. MyNavi (2023/09/07). “Yandere is a personality that combines the "yamu (sick) × dere" elements. The term refers to a woman or man who becomes mentally unstable due to too much love for the person they love. The term "yandere" is often seen in love columns on social networking sites and in magazines and many people may be familiar with the term, but may not have a clear idea of what type of person it actually refers to. Yandere means a state of mental instability caused by excessive love for a romantic partner and the expression of affection. When a person becomes "yandere," they tend to express their feelings of love to the point of being heavy-handed. If the other person does not respond to your affection, you may think, "Maybe they don't like me," or "Why don't they respond to my feelings?".”
  17. What does "menhera" mean? What are the characteristics of women who tend to be labeled as "menhera"?. Note (2024/05/31). “Another similar connotation is "yandere," a person who is pathologically infatuated with their partner and becomes deredere.”
  18. Yandere Cafe. Wakerplus (2024/08/08). “Have you ever heard of the term "yandere"? The term was coined by combining the words "yamu (sick)" and "dere," and refers to a person who is so in love with their romantic partner that they become crazily in love and often commit violent acts.”
  19. "Yandere" Added to "Moe Panorama View" That Allows You to Understand the History of Moe (2007/02/28). “"Yandere" is a term used to describe the moe attribute of female heroines who are mentally ill.”
  20. 20.0 20.1 Yandere Boyfriends Are The Best. Characteristics and Strategies of Yandere Boys. MyNavi (2022/07/21). “The negative side of the yandere boyfriend is that he is insecure about himself and is always worried that she will fall for another man and he ends up constraining her. He is always worried that she will fall in love with another man. He is not comfortable with her going to parties, and even if she goes out to dinner with her girlfriends, he worries that she will meet someone else when he is not around, so he shows a face that says things like, "Come home soon", or "I don't want you to go". The yandere boyfriend may not be able to stop his bad imagination due to his worrying nature and may become depressed without her knowledge. Sometimes the imaginations that come from a lack of self-confidence, such as, "She'll find a better man than me someday," or "What if she falls out of love with me?" causing him to torment himself and make himself sick.”
  21. Yandere Kanojo: The era is now Yankii Dere. Square Enix. “Yandere refers to a "yanderu heroine", but in this manga it refers to a "Yankii Dere."”
  22. Yandere Kanojo. Square Enix (2008/06/21). “Reina Ryuzaki, a known delinquent girl, and Manabu Tanaka, a serious and normal male student, fall in love at first sight like in a comic book the moment they meet. Reina, a girl who knows nothing but chains and nail bats, is in a panic over her first love!”
  23. 23.0 23.1 Lady Rokujou. Pixiv (2012/08/10). “In the Tale of Genji, which has a glamorous image, she is an extremely noble widow who performs the unusual act of becoming a wraith and killing people. She is one of the most popular characters among readers of the Tale of Genji, and as such there are many fan fiction works about her, and her reputation varies depending on the era. In the Edo period she was treated as a monster, but in modern times she is celebrated as the originator of yandere in Japanese literary history.”
  24. 24.0 24.1 Lady Rokujō. Yokai (2024/11/24).
  25. Yuna Sasai. Nico Nico Pedia (2009/09/08). “Yuna Sasai is a game character who is said to be the originator of the modern-day "yandere" moe attribute. The concept of yandere is said to have risen and gained acceptance around 2005, when the violent acts of Kotonoha Katsura in "School Days" and Kaede Fuyou in the anime version of "Shuffle!" took the industry by storm. However, Yuna Sasai appeared five years earlier and (though there are various theories) became known as the "originator of yandere." Some even pointed to Yuna and said, "The times have finally caught up with Yuna!", making her a legendary character.”
  26. Yandere Four Heavenly Queens. Pixiv (2015/09/02). “The "Yandere Four Heavenly Queens" refer to the four people who popularized the concept of yandere.”
  27. Yandere Four Heavenly Queens. Niconico Pedia (2011/10/22). “The Yandere Four Heavenly Queens is a term used to describe the four strongest yandere.”
  28. 28.0 28.1 Yuno Gasai Character Analysis. Anime Rants (2019/04/03).
  29. Kyouai. Pixiv (2012/06/28). “A word that means love so strong it drives one insane, or a person who loves someone so much that they go insane. Almost the same meaning as yandere. The person who is loved is often forced to endure pain through confinement or other means.”
  30. I Can't Sleep So A Yandere Girl Loves Me To Death CD. Pixiv. “So, is it "yandere" after all? A CD where you can't sleep because a yandere girl loves you to death. In some stories, the protagonist is confined, but in others, he is beaten up as if violence is a fine expression of love, and in the worst cases, he is actually killed, or he doesn't die but he is left without all his limbs intact. Also, the heroines who suddenly change are really scary, it's a level that will slightly traumatize you. By the way, there is a concept very similar to yandere called kyou ai, and the heroines of this CD are more on that side. What's the difference? Kyou ai characters don't mind kidnapping and confining you, killing you, or hurting you with love. Now that the understanding of yandere has improved, it seems to be analyzed as "Not yandere, but more like a menhera psychopath."”
  31. Yandere Encyclopedia: Yandere begins from Too Much Love!!!!. Amazon (2007/08/29). “Following "Tsundere Encyclopedia," the sixth volume of the popular Bishoujo Game and Character Mook series, "Yandere Encyclopedia," is now available! This book is a thorough introduction to the recently popular "yandere" characters.”
  32. What is a Girl's "◯◯dere"?. AppBank (2016/07/06). “Yandere: A state in which the love for the person you like is so strong that it makes you mentally ill. The key to yandere is that they are not yandere from the beginning and are unaware that they are ill. When they see the boy they like talking to another girl, they feel a small sense of jealousy. It is rare for them to become ill just from that incident, but over time they will gradually become yandere. The more they think about the person they like, the more they "like" him, and their possessiveness becomes very strong. The reason for this is that they are constantly fantasizing about being lovers or married, so they believe that in reality it is the same. The possessiveness becomes very strong because of their love, such as "That person is mine..." As the sickness further accelerates, the person will have insane thoughts such as, "I would rather kill them than have him be with a girl who isn't me." or other insane thoughts. Of course, it is not that they don't like the person they are interested in, but their answer is the result of thinking about that person's happiness. Many people may have the image that yandere is scary, but there are also many cases where the boy realizes the magnitude of their love and becomes obsessed with them, thinking, "I can't believe she cares about me that much!" It is important to love the Yandere girl well! (If you love her both ways...)

    Deredere, as the name suggests, is a girl who is "just deredere." There's not much to explain about this one. She's deredere. She's the type who is extremely clingy and spoiled with affection. She will suddenly hug you or kiss you on the cheek without hesitation. If you are a man, you would like to be cuddled by her at least once. However, deredere is also the attribute that has the highest possibility of turning into "yandere". They are likely to change attitudes to "yandere" out of worry that the person they're deredere with will disappear.”
  33. Danjon ni Hisomu Yandere na Kanojo ni Ore wa Nando mo Korosareru. Comic Walker (2023/03/17).
  34. 34.0 34.1 Yandere Type: Delusional Type. My Navi (2022/07/21). “The delusional-type yandere is characterized by a tendency toward paranoia, such as over-glorifying their partner or thinking in a bad way. The delusional yandere is characterized by intense assumption. At times, they have a hard time distinguishing between reality and delusion. For example, when they don't hear from the person they like or their lover, they tend to think negatively, "Maybe they don't like me. They may also fall into paranoia by thinking in the wrong direction, for example, creating in their minds the image of their lover as an unfaithful boyfriend or girlfriend. When they notice a gap between their ideal image and the one they have created, they may become disappointed.”
  35. 35.0 35.1 35.2 Yandere Type: Dependent Type. My Navi (2022/07/21). “Dependent-type Yandere, as the name implies, tend to depend on the person they love and rely on them for everything. They are sometimes referred to as the "attachment" type. Dependent-type yandere have a strong desire to be with the person they love anytime and anywhere. They do not want their partner to go anywhere and may even try to follow them to gatherings that are unrelated to them. When this is not possible, they resort to constantly calling them. When they are unable to contact their partner or when they are alone, they become anxious and unable to do anything.

    The dependent yandere is also characterized by the fact that they do everything at their partner's behest. They do not want to be disliked by the person they love or their lover, so they do not assert themselves and go along with everything the other person says. They may feel as if they do not have their own opinions. Another characteristic of the dependent yandere is that once they have a lover, they change their life to one that is centered on that person. They may not see anything else but the person they love, and may neglect other people. They are willing to put other people and even themselves on the back burner for the sake of their partner.”
  36. 36.0 36.1 Yandere Type: Others Eliminating Type. My Navi (2022/07/21). “The "others eliminating" type of yandere tries to exclude the presence of others and make the partner or lover aware of only them. It is sometimes called "elimination-type" or "isolation leading-type". The "Exclusionary Yandere" wants to immerse themselves in a private world with the person they love and tend to exclude other people from their lives. The exclusion may extend to the partner's friends and family members. Even though it may be difficult to actually eliminate them, they may try to do so by directing their strong jealousy toward others. The characteristic of the yandere who excludes others is that they try to monopolize their partner by isolating them. They believe that if their partner is isolated, they will be forced to rely on them.”
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 Yandere Type: Harmless Type. My Navi (2022/07/21). “The harmless type of yandere does not say or do anything negative toward their partner. However, a major characteristic of this type is that they tend to be unstable inside due to the strength of their love for their partner. Harmless yandere basically do not engage in problematic behavior that might bother others. They will not be overly possessive or exclude others. However, they tend to harbor jealousy and dissatisfaction with others, and their minds tend to be unstable. Since they are not good at communicating their jealousy and insecurity to others, it is highly likely that they are suffering a lot inside, even if they do not cause any particular problematic behavior. A harmless-type yandere may become frustrated because their desires for the other person are not satisfied, and as a result, their emotions may explode and they may act unexpectedly. The emotional outburst may turn out to be like a violent or possessive type of yandere.”
  38. 38.0 38.1 Yandere Type: Possessive Type. My Navi (2022/07/21). “The possessive type of yandere is the type that wants to keep their lover to themselves. It is also sometimes referred to as the "restriction-type". The possessive type of yandere tries to limit the behavior of their lover. If they are getting along with others, they may become angry or interfere. In some cases, jealousy may even be directed at the family and friends of the person they love. They may feel unable to stand still when the other person is spending time with others. Frequent contact by phone, LINE, or e-mail is another characteristic of the possessive type of yandere. This type of yandere will feel insecure if they are not in constant contact. If they are not in touch, they may continue to contact even more intensely because they suspect or feel insecure about cheating.”
  39. 39.0 39.1 39.2 Yandere Type: Stalker Type. My Navi (2022/07/21). “The stalker-type yandere wants to know everything about their partner. As the name implies, they are constantly pursuing their partner. The stalker-type yandere constantly monitors their partner's activities and tries to know what they are doing every step of the way. If escalated, they may follow their partner. They also check their partner's social networking sites frequently. They are not satisfied with this alone, and may even look into their partner's phone or computer without their permission... Stalker-type yandere also tend to persistently try to contact their partner via phone. They want to know everything about what their partner is doing, and they want to know in detail what happened today and what they plan to do tomorrow.”
  40. Yandere Type: Worship Type. My Navi (2022/07/21). “The worshipful yandere literally worships the person they love. They are so devoted to their partner that even if they become lovers, they may end up in a master-slave relationship. The worship yandere is devoted to their partner. They will go along with their partner's selfishness and take care of them in any way they can. Adoring yandere tend to try to change themselves to suit the other person's tastes. Everyone may change to suit their partner's tastes when they like someone or have a lover, but the adoration-type yandere is characterized by a very strong desire to do so. Some may change their look and feel completely under the influence of their partner.”
  41. What is Dorodere. Pixiv. “The difference with Yandere: Yandere is a one-sided love, but Dorodere forces the other person to love and desire them.”
  42. 42.0 42.1 About Kichidere and Yandere. Ameblo (2011/04/27). “Kichidere is "kichigai-dere". It's a deredere for people who have gone insane. Yandere is also insane and dere, so they are the same, right? But that's not true, it's not the same. Yandere→At first they start out as normal girls, but then they gradually break down and become insane because of romantic feelings. Kichidere→Insane from the start, but their love feelings are surprisingly normal and deredere. In the case of Kotonoha-sama, the representative of yandere, she starts out as a normal girl, but when she loves someone too much, she breaks down. Hitagi Senjogahara, the representative of kichidere (in my opinion), she's a bit crazy and strange from the beginning, but when she gets involved with the main character, she falls in love with him. I think she's cute. She's cute and cute.”
  43. 43.0 43.1 Yandere and Yangire Appreciation Club. MyAnimeList (2009/02/09). “Term of Yangire: In order to keep the original definition intact, another term has arisen to describe girls who exhibit yandere traits but do not fit the true definition of what a yanderekko entails. This term, known as yangire (ヤンギレ), refers to characters who snap suddenly out of jealousy, irritation or something similar. Yangire is a combination of the two words yanderu (病んでる), meaning to be sick, and kire or gire (切れ), meaning to cut, slice, or "to snap". This behavior is different from that of a yandere character in regard to the motivation that sparked the change in the character. The yanderekko is motivated through her love for the male protagonist, while a yangire character is motivated through other characters and will not be connected with emotions of love or attraction.”
  44. Saiko no Sutoka. Steam (2020/09/06). “Yandere State: In this state, Saiko-chan is not directly hostile towards The Player.

    Yangire State: In this state, Saiko-chan is very hostile, she will try any way to kill The Player such as she will hide and attempt to ambush The Player before returning back to Yandere State once she has done enough damage.”
veJapanese Archetypes
Standalone

Burikko ♥︎ Charao ♥︎ Chuunibyou Dojikko Donkan Gag Character Genkikko Hanahaki Disease Hetare Hikikomori Idol Ijimekko Ikemen Kaiju Kuishinbou Kyouai Mahou Shoujo Megane Meganekko Menhera (Fashion) Miko Moe Otaku Sentou Kyou Siscon Sukebe Tennen S Yamato Nadeshiko

Androgynous

Bishounen Bokukko Dansou no Reijin Futanari Ikemen Joshi Josou Danshi Nantaika Nekama Nyotaika Okama Orekko Otenba Musume Otoko Masari Otokonoko

Criminal

Sukeban Yakuza Yankii

Dere

Bakadere Biridere Bokodere Butsudere Dandere Darudere Deredere Dorodere Erodere Gandere Goudere Gundere Hajidere Himedere Hinedere Kamidere Kichidere Kiridere Kuudere M Dere Nyandere Onidere Rindere Roshidere S Dere Shindere Shundere Tsundere (Deretsun Tsun-Aho Tsun-Ama Tsunbaka Tsundora Tsunneko Tsun-Pure Tsunpuri Tsunshun Tsuntere) Tsuyodere Undere Usodere Utsudere Uzadere Wandere Yandere (Yanderu) Yandere (Yankii) Yoidere Zondere

Gire

Buchigire Majigire Tsungire Yangire

Hybrid

Juujin Kemono Kemonomimi Mecha Monster Danshi Monster Musume

Other

Western Unofficial

veDere Types
Japanese Standard

Bakadere Biridere Bokodere Butsudere Dandere Darudere Deredere Dorodere Erodere Gandere Goudere Gundere Hajidere Himedere Hinedere Kamidere Kichidere Kiridere Kuudere M Dere Nyandere Onidere Rindere Roshidere S Dere Shindere Shundere Tsundere Tsuyodere Undere Usodere Utsudere Uzadere Wandere Yandere (Yanderu) Yandere (Yankii) Yoidere Zondere

Variations

Deretsun Tsun-Aho Tsun-Ama Tsunbaka Tsundora Tsunneko Tsun-Pure Tsunpuri Tsunshun Tsuntere

Western Standard

Bocchandere Byoukidere Kanedere Kekkondere Nemuidere Oujidere Oujodere Smugdere Teasedere Thugdere

Variations

Ahodere (Western) Kamidere (Western) Kidere Mayadere (Western) Megadere (Western)

Other

Dere Types Unofficial Dere Types

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